Sigmurethra
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP | Sigmurethra Temporal range: Cretaceous–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
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| Various examples of Sigmurethra | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura Order Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora informal group Sigmurethra |
Superfamilies | |
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Synonyms[1] | |
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Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes the majority of land snails and slugs.
The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and retractile tentacles.[2]
Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts.
Sigmurethra are known from the Cretaceous to the Recent periods.[3]
Contents
1 Taxonomy
1.1 2005 Taxonomy
1.1.1 limacoid clade
1.1.2 Informal group Sigmurethra continued
1.2 New families after 2005
1.3 2017 Taxonomy
2 References
Taxonomy
2005 Taxonomy
In the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, Sigmurethra is an "Informal Group", a subsection of the Stylommatophora.[4]
It consists of the following families:
- Superfamily Clausilioidea
- Family Clausiliidae
- † Family Anadromidae
- † Family Filholiidae
- † Family Palaeostoidae
- Family Clausiliidae
- Superfamily Orthalicoidea
- Family Orthalicidae
- Family Cerionidae
- Family Coelociontidae
- † Family Grangerellidae
- Family Megaspiridae
- Family Placostylidae
- Family Urocoptidae
- Family Orthalicidae
- Superfamily Achatinoidea
- Family Achatinidae
- Family Ferussaciidae
- Family Micractaeonidae
- Family Subulinidae
- Family Achatinidae
- Superfamily Aillyoidea
- Family Aillyidae
- Family Aillyidae
- Superfamily Testacelloidea
- Family Testacellidae
- Family Oleacinidae
- Family Spiraxidae
- Family Testacellidae
- Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
- Family Papillodermatidae
- Family Papillodermatidae
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea
- Family Streptaxidae
- Family Streptaxidae
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea
- Family Rhytididae
- Family Chlamydephoridae
- Family Haplotrematidae
- Family Scolodontidae
- Family Rhytididae
- Superfamily Acavoidea
- Family Acavidae
- Family Caryodidae
- Family Dorcasiidae
- Family Macrocyclidae
- Family Megomphicidae
- Family Strophocheilidae
- Family Acavidae
- Superfamily Plectopyloidea
- Family Plectopylidae
- Family Corillidae
- Family Sculptariidae
- Family Plectopylidae
- Superfamily Punctoidea
- Family Punctidae
- † Family Anastomopsidae
- Family Charopidae
- Family Cystopeltidae
- Family Discidae
- Family Endodontidae
- Family Helicodiscidae
- Family Oreohelicidae
- Family Thyrophorellidae
- Family Punctidae
- Superfamily Sagdoidea
- Family Sagdidae
- Family Sagdidae
limacoid clade
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Family Staffordiidae
- Family Staffordiidae
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Family Dyakiidae
- Family Dyakiidae
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Family Chronidae
- Family Euconulidae
- Family Oxychilidae
- Family Pristilomatidae
- Family Trochomorphidae
- Fossil taxa probably belonging to the Gastrodontoidea
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
- Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Superfamily Parmacelloidea
- Family Parmacellidae
- Family Milacidae
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- Family Parmacellidae
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Family Zonitidae
- Family Zonitidae
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- Family Helicarionidae
- Family Ariophantidae
- Family Urocyclidae
- Family Helicarionidae
- Superfamily Limacoidea
- Family Limacidae
- Family Agriolimacidae
- Family Boettgerillidae
- Family Vitrinidae
- Family Limacidae
Informal group Sigmurethra continued
Two superfamilies belongs to clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade.
- Superfamily Arionoidea
- Family Arionidae
- Family Anadenidae
- Family Ariolimacidae
- Family Binneyidae
- Family Oopeltidae
- Family Philomycidae
- Family Arionidae
- Superfamily Helicoidea
- Family Helicidae
- Family Bradybaenidae
- Family Camaenidae
- Family Cepolidae
- Family Cochlicellidae
- Family Elonidae
- Family Epiphragmophoridae
- Family Halolimnohelicidae
- Family Helicodontidae
- Family Helminthoglyptidae
- Family Humboldtianidae
- Family Hygromiidae
- Family Monadeniidae
- Family Pleurodontidae
- Family Polygyridae
- Family Sphincterochilidae
- Family Thysanophoridae
- Family Trissexodontidae
- Family Xanthonychidae
- Family Helicidae
(Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †)
New families after 2005
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea
Diapheridae - In 2010, Sutcharit et al. (2010)[5] established a new family Diapheridae within the Streptaxoidea.[5]
2017 Taxonomy
After excluding groups not related, the informal group Sigmurethra becomes Suborder Helicina, with the following nine infraorders and a collection of families with no superfamily：[6]
- Suborder Helicina ("Non-Achatinoid Clade")
- Infraorder Arionoidei
- Infraorder Clausilioidei
- Infraorder Helicoidei: formed from Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815 and Sagdoidea Pilsbry, 1895[7]
- Infraorder Limacoidei: formed from original limacoid clade
- Infraorder Oleacinoidei[8]
Oleacinoidea: formed from original Testacelloidea but with the family Testacellidae excluded;
Haplotrematoidea: formed from original Rhytidoidea and Haplotrematidae[9]
- Infraorder Orthalicoidei
- Infraorder Pupilloidei (Orthurethra)
- Infraorder Rhytidoidei: formed by Rhytidoidea merging with contents from Acavoidea.
- Infraorder Succineoidei (Elasmognatha)
- Infraorder Arionoidei
References
^ MolluscaBase (2018). Helicina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994701 on 2018-02-22
^ Lunarejo. et al. 2008.
^ (in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R.: Základy zoopaleontologie. - Olomouc, 1996. 264 pp., ISBN 80-7067-599-3.
^ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
^ ab Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Kaim, Andrzej; Kano, Yasunori; Nützel, Alexander; Parkhaev, Pavel; Schrödl, Michael; Strong, Ellen E. (2017). "Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families". Malacologia. 61 (1-2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201. ISSN 0076-2997.
^
WoRMS (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O, eds. "Helicoidei". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
^ WoRMS (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O, eds. "Oleacinoidei". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
^ WoRMS (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O, eds. "Haplotrematoidea H.B. Baker, 1925". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
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