Lower Lufeng Series
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP | Lower Lufeng Formation Stratigraphic range: Sinemurian 197–190 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
|---|---|
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Lufeng Basin |
| Sub-units | Shawan Member, Zhangjia'ao Member |
| Underlies | Upper Lufeng Formation |
| Overlies | Basement |
| Thickness | over 300 metres (980 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Siltstone |
| Other | Sandstone |
| Location | |
| Region | Asia |
| Country |  China |
| Extent | Yunnan |
The Lower Lufeng Series (or Lower Lufeng Formation) is a Lower Jurassic sedimentary rock formation found in Yunnan, China. It has two units: the lower Dull Purplish Beds/Shawan Member are of Hettangian age, and Dark Red Beds/Zhangjia'ao Member are of Sinemurian age.[1] It is known for its fossils of early dinosaurs. The Dull Purplish Beds have yielded the possible therizinosaur Eshanosaurus, the possible theropod Lukousaurus, and the "prosauropods" "Gyposaurus" sinensis, Lufengosaurus, Jingshanosaurus, and Yunnanosaurus. Dinosaurs discovered in the Dark Red Beds include the theropod Sinosaurus triassicus, the "prosauropods" "Gyposaurus", Lufengosaurus, and Yunnanosaurus, indeterminate remains of sauropods, and the early armored dinosaurs Bienosaurus and Tatisaurus.[2]
Contents
1 Paleofauna
1.1 Crurotarsans
1.2 Ornithischians
1.3 Sauropodomorphs
1.4 Theropods
1.5 Tritylodonts
1.6 Mammaliforms
2 See also
3 Footnotes
4 References
Paleofauna
Crurotarsans
Crurotarsans reported from the Lower Lufeng Series | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | |
Dianchungosaurus[3] | D. lufengensis[3] | Yunnan[3] | Dark Red Beds[3] | Formerly considered an ornithopod dinosaur. | ||
Ornithischians
Indeterminate ornithopod remains Yunnan. Dark Red Beds.[2]
Ornithischians reported from the Lower Lufeng Series | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | |
Bienosaurus[3] | B. lufengensis[3] | Yunnan[3] | Dark Red Beds[3] | A right "[d]entary with teeth,"[4] with additional cranial fragments such as a partial frontal. These specimens are catalogued as IVPP V 9612. The dentary preserves 11 teeth or roots with two additional empty alveoli. | ||
Tatisaurus[3] | T. oehleri[3] | Yunnan[3] | Dark Red Beds[3] | "Isolated dentary."[4] | ||
Sauropodomorphs
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Sauropodomorphs reported from the Lower Lufeng Series | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Chuxiongosaurus[5] | C. lufengensis[5] | Yunnan[5] | "Skull[5] |  "Gyposaurus" sinensis  Jingshanosaurus  Lufengosaurus  Yunnanosaurus | ||
Gyposaurus[6] | G. sinensis[6] | Yunnan[6] |
| "[Two] skeletons, [one] with partial skull, [two] partial skeletons, [three] skull fragments, adult."[8] | ||
Fulengia[3] | F. youngi[3] | Yunnan[3] |
| "Skull."[9] | ||
Jingshanosaurus[7] | J. xinwaensis[7] | Yunnan[7] |
| "Complete skeleton with skull, adult."[8] | ||
Kunmingosaurus[3] | K. wusdingensis[3] | Yunnan[3] |
| |||
Lufengosaurus[6] | L. huenei[6] | Yunnan[6] |
| "(including Gyposaurus sinensis, L. magnus)"[2] | ||
L. magnus[6] | Yunnan[6] |
| ||||
Tawasaurus[3] | T. minor[3] | Yunnan[3] |
| |||
Yunnanosaurus[6] | Y. huangi[6] | Yunnan[6] |
| "More than [twenty] partial to complete skeletons, [two] skulls, juvenile to adult."[9] | ||
Y. robustus[6] | Yunnan[6] |
| ||||
Theropods
Theropods reported from the Lower Lufeng Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Eshanosaurus[7] | E. deguchiianus[7] | Yunnan[7] |
| "Dentary."[10] | Possible therizinosaur |  Sinosaurus triassicus |
Lukousaurus[6] | L. yini[6] | Yunnan[6] |
|
| Possible crocodylomorph[13] | |
Sinosaurus[6] | S. triassicus[6] | Yunnan[6] |
|
| Dilophosaurus sinensis specimen now included with Sinosaurus | |
Panguraptor[14] | P. lufengensis[14] | Yunnan[14] |
|
| A coelophysid | |
Tritylodonts
Tritylodonts reported from the Lower Lufeng Series | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Bienotherium |
| |||||
Yunnanodon[15][16] | Y. brevirostre[15] | Yunnan[15] |
| |||
Mammaliforms
Mammaliaforms reported from the Lower Lufeng Series | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Hadrocodium[17] | H. wui[17] | Yunnan[17] |
| Skull | Oldest and one of smallest mammaliaforms known. Indicates a correlation between the separation of the middle ear bones from the mandible and the expanded brain vault in early mammals.[18] | |
See also
- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
Footnotes
^ Luo, Z., and X.-C. Wu. 1994. The small tetrapods of the Lower Lufeng Formation, Yunnan, China; pp. 251–270 in N. C. Fraser and H.-D.Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, New York
^ abc Weishampel, et al. 2004.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadae "48.3 Yunnan, People's Republic of China; 2. Dark Red Beds of the Lower Lufeng Series," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 534.
^ ab "Table 15.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 336.
^ abcd Lü Junchang; Yoshitsugu Kobayashi; Li Tianguang; Zhong Shimin (2010). "A New Basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 84 (6): 1336–1342. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00332.x.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrs "48.3 Yunnan, People's Republic of China; 1. Dull Purplish Beds of the Lower Lufeng Series and 2. Dark Red Beds of the Lower Lufeng Series" in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 534.
^ abcdefghijklmno "48.3 Yunnan, People's Republic of China; 1. Dull Purplish Beds of the Lower Lufeng Series," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 534.
^ ab "Table 12.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 234.
^ ab "Table 12.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 236.
^ "Table 7.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 152.
^ C.C. Young. 1948. Further notes on Gyposaurus sinensis Young. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 28(1-2):91-103
^ M. N. Bien. 1940. Discovery of Triassic saurischian and primitive mammalian remains at Lufeng, Yunnan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 20(3/4):225-234
^ R. B. Irmis. 2004. First report of Megapnosaurus (Theropoda: Coelophysoidea) from China. PaleoBios 24(3):11-18
^ abcde "The first well-preserved coelophysoid theropod dinosaur from Asia (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
^ abc Cui (1976), Yunnania, a new tritylodont genus from Lufeng, Yunnan. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 25, p.1-7.
^ Cui (1986), Yunnanodon, a replacement name for Yunnania Cui, 1976. Gu Jizhui Dongwu yu Gu Renlei (Vertebr. PalAsiatica 24), p.9.
^ abc Luo, Zhe-Xi; Crompton, Alfred W.; Sun, Ai-Lin (2001). "A New Mammaliaform from the Early Jurassic and Evolution of Mammalian Characteristics (Supplementary Information (Hadrocodium wui IVPP8275))" (PDF). Science. 292 (5521): 1535–1540. Bibcode:2001Sci...292.1535L. doi:10.1126/science.1058476. PMID 11375489. Retrieved April 2013. Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)
^ Luo, Zhe-Xi; Crompton, Alfred W.; Sun, Ai-Lin (2001). "A New Mammaliaform from the Early Jurassic and Evolution of Mammalian Characteristics" (PDF). Science. 292 (5521): 1535–1540. Bibcode:2001Sci...292.1535L. doi:10.1126/science.1058476. PMID 11375489. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-08-20.
References
Barrett, P.M.; Xu X. (2005). "Reassessment of Dianchungosaurus lufengensis Yang, 1982, an enigmatic reptile from the Lower Lufeng Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China". Journal of Paleontology. 79: 981–986. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0981:ARODLY]2.0.CO;2.- Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.