Hydrogen deuteride

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Hydrogen deuteride is a diatomic molecule substance or compound of the two isotopes of hydrogen: the majority isotope 1H protium and 2H deuterium. Its proper molecular formula is H2H but for simplification it is usually written as HD.




Contents





  • 1 Preparation and occurrence


  • 2 Radio emission spectra


  • 3 References


  • 4 Further reading




Preparation and occurrence


In the laboratory it is produced by treating sodium hydride with deuterated water:[1]


NaH + D2O → HD + NaOD

Hydrogen deuteride is a minor component of naturally occurring molecular hydrogen. It is one of the minor but noticeable components of the atmospheres of all the giant planets, with abundances from about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm. HD has also been found in supernova remnants,[2] and other sources.[citation needed]


Hydrogen deuteride

Skeletal formula of hydrogen deuteride
Names

IUPAC name
Hydrogen deuteride


Systematic IUPAC name
(2H)Dihydrogen[citation needed]

Identifiers

CAS Number



  • 13983-20-5 ☑Y


3D model (JSmol)


  • Interactive image


ChEBI


  • CHEBI:29237 ☑Y


ChemSpider


  • 146609 ☑Y


ECHA InfoCard

100.034.325

EC Number
237-773-0


PubChem CID


  • 167583


UN number
1049




Properties

Chemical formula

H[2H]

Molar mass
3.02204 g mol−1

Melting point
 −259 °C (−434.2 °F; 14.1 K)

Boiling point
 −253 °C (−423.4 °F; 20.1 K)
Hazards


EU classification (DSD) (outdated)


Extremely FlammableF+

R-phrases (outdated)

R12

S-phrases (outdated)

S16, S33, S36, S38

NFPA 704



Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propaneHealth code 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g., sodium chlorideReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond

4


0


0




Autoignition
temperature

 571 °C (1,060 °F; 844 K)
Related compounds

Related hydrogens


Deuterium

Hydrogen
Tritium



Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).


☑Y verify (what is ☑Y☒N ?)

Infobox references















Occurrence of HD vs. H2 in giant planets' atmospheres
PlanetHDH2[citation needed]
Jupiter~0.003%89.8% ±2.0%
Uranus~0.007%83.0% ±3.0%
Neptune~0.019%80.0% ±3.2%



H NMR spectrum of a solution of HD (labeled with red bars) and H2 (blue bar). The 1:1:1 triplet arises from the coupling of the 1H nucleus (I = 1/2) to the 2H nucleus ( I = 1).



Radio emission spectra


HD and H2 have very similar emission spectra, but the emission frequencies differ.[3]


The frequency of the astronomically important J = 1-0 rotational transition of HD at 2.7 THz has been measured with tunable FIR radiation with an accuracy of 150 kHz.[4]


See also: rotational spectroscopy




References




  1. ^ Bautista, Maria T.; Cappellani, E. Paul; Drouin, Samantha D.; Morris, Robert H.; Schweitzer, Caroline T.; Sella, Andrea; Zubkowski, Jeffery (1991). "Preparation and Spectroscopic Properties of the η2-Dihydrogen Complexes [MH(η2-H2)PR2CH2CH2PR2)2]+ (M = Iron, Ruthenium; R = Ph, Et) and Trends in Properties Down the Iron Group Triad". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 113: 4876–87. doi:10.1021/ja00013a025. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)


  2. ^ Neufeld, David A.; Hollenbach, David J.; Kaufman, Michael J.; Snell, Ronald L.; Melnick, Gary J.; Bergin, Edwin A.; Sonnentrucker, Paule (2007). "SpitzerSpectral Line Mapping of Supernova Remnants. I. Basic Data and Principal Component Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): 890. arXiv:0704.2179 Freely accessible. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664..890N. doi:10.1086/518857. 


  3. ^ Quinn, W.; Baker, J.; Latourrette, J.; Ramsey, N. (1958). "Radio-Frequency Spectra of Hydrogen Deuteride in Strong Magnetic Fields". Phys. Rev. 112 (6): 1929. Bibcode:1958PhRv..112.1929Q. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.112.1929. 


  4. ^ Evenson, K. M.; Jennings, D. A.; Brown, J. M.; Zink, L. R.; Leopold, K. R. (1988). "Frequency measurement of the J = 1-0 rotational transition of HD". Astrophysical Journal. 330: L135. Bibcode:1988ApJ...330L.135E. doi:10.1086/185221. 




Further reading


  • Spitzer observations of hydrogen deuteride



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