Pay-per-view
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP Pay-per-view (PPV) is a type of pay television service by which a subscriber of a television service provider can purchase events to view via private telecast. The broadcaster shows the event at the same time to everyone ordering it (as opposed to video-on-demand systems, which allow viewers to see recorded broadcasts at any time). Events can be purchased using an on-screen guide, an automated telephone system, or through a live customer service representative. Events often include feature films, sporting events, and other entertainment programs. With the rise of the Internet, the term Internet pay-per-view (iPPV) has been used to describe pay-per-view services accessed online. PPV is most commonly used to distribute combat sports events, such as boxing, mixed martial arts, and sports entertainment such as professional wrestling.
Contents
1 United States
1.1 History
1.1.1 HBO PPV
1.2 Boxing
1.2.1 Theatre television
1.2.2 Home television
1.3 UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship)
1.4 Professional wrestling
1.5 Other events
2 Canada
3 Europe
3.1 United Kingdom and Ireland
3.1.1 Boxing
3.2 Romania
3.3 Albania
3.4 France
3.5 Croatia
4 South America
4.1 Argentina
4.2 Brazil
4.3 Chile
4.4 Paraguay
4.5 Uruguay
5 Australia and the Pacific Islands
6 Asia
6.1 Malaysia
6.2 Japan
6.3 India
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
United States
History
The earliest form of pay-per-view was closed-circuit television, also known as theatre television, where boxing telecasts were broadcast live to a select number of venues, mostly theaters, where viewers paid for tickets to watch the fight live.[1][2] The first fight with a closed-circuit telecast was Joe Louis vs. Joe Walcott in 1948.[3] Closed-circuit telecasts peaked in popularity with Muhammad Ali in the 1960s and 1970s,[1][2] with "The Rumble in the Jungle" fight drawing 50 million buys worldwide in 1974,[4] and the "Thrilla in Manila" drawing 100 million buys worldwide in 1975.[5] Closed-circuit television was gradually replaced by pay-per-view home television in the 1980s and 1990s.[2]
The Zenith Phonevision system became the first home pay-per-view system to be tested in the United States. Developed in 1951, it used telephone lines to take and receive orders, as well as to descramble a television broadcast signal. The field tests conducted for Phonevision lasted for 90 days and were tested in Chicago, Illinois. The system used IBM punch cards to descramble a signal broadcast during the broadcast station's "off-time". Both systems showed promise, but the Federal Communications Commission denied them the permits to operate.[6]
The first home pay-per-view cable television broadcast was the Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson rematch in 1960, when 25,000 TelePrompTer subscribers mailed $2 to watch Patterson regain the heavyweight title.[7] The third Patterson–Johansson match in 1961 was later viewed by 100,000 paid cable subscribers.[8] Muhammad Ali had several fights on early pay-per-view home television, including Cassius Clay vs. Doug Jones in 1963,[9] and Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston[10] which drew 250,000 buys on cable television in 1964.[11]
One of the earliest pay-per-view systems on cable television, the Optical Systems-developed Channel 100, first began service in 1972 in San Diego, California through Mission Cable[12] (which was later acquired by Cox Communications) and TheaterVisioN, which operated out of Sarasota, Florida. These early systems quickly went out of business, as the cable industry adopted satellite technology and as flat-rate pay television services such as Home Box Office (HBO) became popular.
Professional boxing was introduced to pay-per-view cable television with the "Thrilla in Manila" fight between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in September 1975 (which was also transmitted through HBO); there was also another major title fight aired on pay-per-view in 1980, when Roberto Durán defeated Sugar Ray Leonard. Cable companies offered the match for $10, and about 155,000 customers paid to watch the fight.[13][14]
A major pay-per-view event[citation needed] occurred on September 16, 1981, when Sugar Ray Leonard fought Thomas "Hitman" Hearns for the World Welterweight Championship. Viacom Cablevision in Nashville, Tennessee – the first system to offer the event – saw over 50 percent of its subscriber base purchase the fight.[citation needed] Leonard visited Nashville to promote the fight, and the event proved such a success that Viacom themed its annual report for that year around it.[citation needed] Viacom marketing director Pat Thompson put together the fight, and subsequently put together additional PPV fights, wrestling matches, and even a televised Broadway play.[citation needed]
After leaving Viacom, Thompson became head of Sports View and produced the first pay-per-view football game on October 16, 1983, a college football game between the University of Tennessee and the University of Alabama from Birmingham, Alabama.[citation needed] Sports View played a role in building pay-per-view networks,[citation needed] and became the early pioneer in developing TigerVision for Louisiana State University, TideVision for Alabama and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee. Sports View also produced the Ohio State-Michigan football game for pay-per-view in November 1983.
In 1985, the first pay-per-view cable channels in the United States – Viewer's Choice (now In Demand), Cable Video Store, First Choice and Request TV – began operation within days of each other.[citation needed] Viewer's Choice serviced both home satellite dish and cable customers, while Request TV, though broadcasting to cable viewers, would not become available to satellite subscribers until the 1990s.[citation needed] First Choice PPV was available on Rogers Cablesystems in the United States and Canada. After Paragon Cable acquired the Rogers Cablesystems franchise in San Antonio, Texas, First Choice continued to be carried until Time Warner Cable bought Paragon in 1996. In the United States, pay-per-view broadcasters transmit without advertisements, similar to conventional flat-rate pay television services.
The term "pay-per-view" did not come into general use until the late 1980s[citation needed] when companies such as Viewer's Choice, HBO and Showtime started using the system to show movies and some of their productions. Viewer's Choice carried movies, concerts and other events, with live sporting events such as WrestleMania being the most predominant programming. Prices ranged from $3.99 to $49.99, while HBO and Showtime, with their event production legs TVKO and SET Pay Per View, would offer championship boxing matches ranging from $14.99 to $54.99.[citation needed]
ESPN later began to televise college football and basketball games on pay-per-view through its services ESPN GamePlan and ESPN Full Court, which were eventually sold as full-time out-of-market sports packages.[citation needed] The boxing undercard Latin Fury, shown on June 28, 2003, became ESPN's first boxing card on pay-per-view and also the first pay-per-view boxing card held in Puerto Rico.[citation needed] Pay-per-view has provided a revenue stream for professional wrestling circuits such as WWE, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Ring of Honor (ROH) and Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA).
WWE chairman and chief executive officer Vince McMahon is considered by many as one of the icons of pay-per-view promotion. McMahon owns the domain name payperview.com, which redirects to the WWE Network website.[15]
HBO PPV
In 2006, HBO generated 3.7 million pay-per-view buys with $177 million in gross sales. The only year with more buys previously, 1999, had a total of 4 million. The former record fell in 2007 when HBO sold 4.8 million PPV buys with $255 million in sales.[16] In 2014, HBO generated 59.3 million buys and $3.1 billion in revenue since its 1991 debut with Evander Holyfield-George Foreman.[17]
1999 differed radically from 2006: 1999 saw four major fight cards: De La Hoya-Trinidad (1.4 million buys), Holyfield-Lewis I (1.2 million), Holyfield-Lewis II (850,000) and De La Hoya-Quartey (570,000). By contrast, only one pay-per-view mega-fight took place in 2006: De La Hoya-Mayorga (925,000 buys). Rahman-Maskaev bombed with under 50,000. The other eight PPV cards that year all fell in the 325,000–450,000 range. Pay-per-view fights in that range almost always generate more money for the promoter and fighters than HBO wants to pay for an HBO World Championship Boxing license-fee.[citation needed]
In May 2007, the super-welterweight boxing match between Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. on HBO PPV became the biggest-selling non-heavyweight title fight, with a little more than 2.5 million buyers.[18] The fight itself generated roughly $134.4 million in domestic PPV revenue, making it the most lucrative prizefight of all time at that time. The record stood until 2015 before it was broken by Floyd Mayweather, Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao in a fight dubbed as the "Fight of the Century" on May 2, 2015 which generated 4.6 million ppv buys and a revenue of over $400 million.[19]
The leading PPV attraction, Floyd Mayweather Jr. has generated approximately 19.5 million buys and $1.3 billion in revenue. Manny Pacquiao, ranked second, has generated approximately 19.2 million buys and $1.2 billion in revenue.[20][21]Oscar De La Hoya, has "sold" approximately 14 million units in total, giving $700 million in domestic television receipts and stands third. In fourth place in buys, Evander Holyfield has achieved 12.6 million units ($550 million); and at fifth, Mike Tyson has reached 12.4 million units ($545 million).[22]
Ross Greenburg, then president of HBO Sports, called the expansion of pay-per-view "the biggest economic issue in boxing", stating "I can't tell you that pay-per-view helps the sport because it doesn't. It hurts the sport because it narrows our audience, but it's a fact of life. Every time we try to make an HBO World Championship Boxing fight, we're up against mythical pay-per-view numbers. HBO doesn't make a lot of money from pay-per-view. There's usually a cap on what we can make. But the promoters and fighters insist on pay-per-view because that's where their greatest profits lie."[23]
"It's a big problem," Greenburg continues. "It's getting harder and harder to put fighters like Manny Pacquiao on HBO World Championship Boxing. If Floyd Mayweather beats Oscar, he might never fight on HBO World Championship Boxing again. But if HBO stopped doing pay-per-view, the promoters would simply do it on their own [like Bob Arum did with Cotto-Malignaggi in June 2006] or find someone else who will do it for them."[23]
Former HBO Sports President Seth Abraham concurs, saying, "I think, if Lou (DiBella) and I were still at HBO, we'd be in the same pickle as far as the exodus of fights to pay-per-view is concerned."[24]
Boxing
Theatre television
Select boxing buy rates at American closed-circuit/theatre television venues between 1951 and 2015:
| Date | Fight | Buys | Revenue | Revenue (inflation) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
June 15, 1951 | Joe Louis vs. Lee Savold | 7004810220000000000♠81,022[25] | $100,000[26] | $942,821 |
September 12, 1951 | Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Randolph Turpin II | 7005100000000000000♠100,000[27] | $200,000[27] | $1,885,641 |
September 23, 1952 | Rocky Marciano vs. Joe Walcott | 7004400000000000000♠40,000[28] | $192,000[29] | $1,769,383 |
September 21, 1955 | Rocky Marciano vs. Archie Moore | 7005400000000000000♠400,000[30] | $1,000,000[31] | $9,135,404 |
March 25, 1958 | Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Carmen Basilio | 7005364876000000000♠364,876[32] | $1,400,000[32] | $11,874,971 |
June 26, 1959 | Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson | 7005550000000000000♠550,000[33] | $1,400,000[33] | $11,752,968 |
June 20, 1960 | Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson II | 7005485000000000000♠485,000[8] | $2,251,162[8] | $18,622,098 |
March 13, 1961 | Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson III | 7005756195000000000♠756,195[34] | $3,000,000[35] | $24,567,929 |
September 25, 1962 | Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny Liston | 7005563000000000000♠563,000[36] | $3,200,000[37] | $25,888,669 |
March 13, 1963 | Cassius Clay vs. Doug Jones | 7005150000000000000♠150,000[38] | $500,000[39] | $3,996,739 |
July 22, 1963 | Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny Liston II | 7005250000000000000♠250,000[40] | ||
February 25, 1964 | Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston | 7005700000000000000♠700,000[41] | $4,500,000[41] | $35,507,511 |
January 2, 1965 | Floyd Patterson vs. George Chuvalo | 7005300000000000000♠300,000[42] | $800,000[43] | $6,212,460 |
May 25, 1965 | Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston II | 7005630000000000000♠630,000[44] | $4,300,000[1] | $33,391,975 |
November 14, 1966 | Muhammad Ali vs. Ernie Terrell | 7005800000000000000♠800,000[45] | $4,000,000[45] | $30,170,256 |
February 6, 1967 | Muhammad Ali vs. Cleveland Williams | 7005500000000000000♠500,000[46] | $3,750,000[46] | $29,120,908 |
October 26, 1970 | Muhammad Ali vs. Jerry Quarry | 7005630000000000000♠630,000[47][48] | $3,500,000[49] | $22,055,698 |
March 8, 1971 | Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier | 7006160000000000000♠1,600,000[50] | $33,000,000[51] | $199,410,025 |
October 30, 1974 | Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman | 7006300000000000000♠3,000,000[2] | $60,000,000[2] | $297,732,794 |
October 1, 1975 | Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier III | 7006300000000000000♠3,000,000[2] | $60,000,000[2] | $272,875,696 |
September 27, 1976 | Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton III | 7006150000000000000♠1,500,000[52] | $30,000,000[53] | $129,017,544 |
Jun 20, 1980 | Roberto Durán vs. Sugar Ray Leonard | 7006150000000000000♠1,500,000[54] | $22,000,000[55] | $65,342,488 |
June 11, 1982 | Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney | 7006200000000000000♠2,000,000[56] | $20,000,000[2] | $50,717,241 |
April 15, 1985 | Marvin Hagler vs. Thomas Hearns | 7005700000000000000♠700,000[57] | $10,500,000[58] | $23,891,399 |
April 6, 1987 | Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Marvin Hagler | 7006300000000000000♠3,000,000[2] | $40,000,000[59] | $86,162,859 |
June 28, 1997 | Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II | 7005120000000000000♠120,000[60] | $9,000,000[2] | $13,720,149 |
May 2, 2015 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao | 7005172667000000000♠172,667[61] | $25,900,000[61] | $26,739,941 |
Home television
Select PPV boxing buy-rates (mainly from HBO, Showtime and Top Rank) between 1960 and 2017:
| Date | Fight | Result | Carrier | Buy rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
June 20, 1960 | Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson II | Patterson wins by KO in round 5 | TelePrompTer | 7004250000000000000♠25,000[7] |
March 13, 1961 | Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson III | Patterson wins by KO in round 6 | TelePrompTer | 7005100000000000000♠100,000[8] |
September 25, 1962 | Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny Liston | Liston wins by KO in round 1 | TelePrompTer | 7005100000000000000♠100,000[62] |
February 25, 1964 | Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston | Ali wins by RTD in round 6 | WHCT[10] | 7005250000000000000♠250,000[11] |
Oct 1, 1975 | Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier III | Ali wins by TKO in round 14 |  | 7005500000000000000♠500,000[63] |
Jun 20, 1980 | Roberto Durán vs. Sugar Ray Leonard | Durán wins by UD (145-144, 148-147, 146-144) | | 7005155000000000000♠155,000[13] |
Sep 16, 1981 | Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Thomas Hearns | Leonard wins by TKO in round 14 | | 7005583200000000000♠583,200[64] |
Apr 15, 1985 | Marvin Hagler vs. Thomas Hearns | Hagler wins by TKO in round 3 | | 7005100000000000000♠100,000[57] |
Apr 6, 1987 | Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Marvin Hagler | Leonard wins by SD (118-110, 113-115, 115-113) | | 7005150000000000000♠150,000[2] |
Jun 27, 1988 | Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks | Tyson wins by KO in round 1 | | 7005700000000000000♠700,000[65] |
Oct 25, 1990 | Buster Douglas vs. Evander Holyfield | Holyfield wins by KO in round 3 |  | 7006100000000000000♠1,000,000[65] |
Apr 19, 1991 | Evander Holyfield vs. George Foreman | Holyfield wins by UD (116–111, 117–110, 115–112) | | 7006140000000000000♠1,400,000[66] |
Jun 28, 1991 | Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock II | Tyson wins by UD (113–109, 114–108, 114–108) | | 7006125000000000000♠1,250,000[67] |
Oct 18, 1991 | Ray Mercer vs. Tommy Morrison | Mercer wins by KO in round 5 | | 7005200000000000000♠200,000[68] |
Jun 19, 1992 | Evander Holyfield vs. Larry Holmes | Holyfield wins by UD (117–111, 116–112, 116–112) | | 7005730000000000000♠730,000[69] |
Nov 13, 1992 | Evander Holyfield vs. Riddick Bowe | Bowe wins by UD (117–110, 117–110, 115–112) | | 7005900000000000000♠900,000[70] |
Jun 7, 1993 | George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison | Morrison wins by UD (117–110, 117–110, 118–108) | | 7005600000000000000♠600,000[71] |
Nov 6, 1993 | Riddick Bowe vs. Evander Holyfield II | Holyfield wins by MD (115–113, 115–114, 114–114) | | 7005950000000000000♠950,000[72] |
Nov 18, 1994 | James Toney vs. Roy Jones Jr. | Jones Jr. wins by UD (119–108, 118–109, 117–110) | | 7005300000000000000♠300,000[73] |
May 6, 1995 | Oscar De La Hoya vs. Rafael Ruelas | De La Hoya wins by TKO in round 2 | | 7005330000000000000♠330,000[74] |
Aug 19, 1995 | Mike Tyson vs. Peter McNeeley | Tyson wins by DQ in round 1 | | 7006155000000000000♠1,550,000[66] |
Nov 4, 1995 | Riddick Bowe vs. Evander Holyfield III | Bowe wins by TKO in round 8 | | 7005650000000000000♠650,000[75] |
Mar 16, 1996 | Frank Bruno vs. Mike Tyson II | Tyson wins by TKO in round 3 | | 7006137000000000000♠1,370,000[66] |
Sep 7, 1996 | Bruce Seldon vs. Mike Tyson | Tyson wins by TKO in round 1 | | 7006115000000000000♠1,150,000[66] |
Nov 9, 1996 | Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield | Holyfield wins by TKO in round 11 | | 7006159000000000000♠1,590,000[66] |
Apr 12, 1997 | Pernell Whitaker vs. Oscar De La Hoya | De La Hoya wins by UD (115–111, 116–110, 116–110) | | 7005720000000000000♠720,000[76] |
Jun 28, 1997 | Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II | Holyfield wins by DQ in round 3 | | 7006199000000000000♠1,990,000[66] |
Sep 13, 1997 | Oscar De La Hoya vs. Héctor Camacho | De La Hoya wins by UD (120–106, 120–105, 118–108) | | 7005560000000000000♠560,000[76] |
Oct 4, 1997 | Lennox Lewis vs. Andrew Golota | Lewis wins by KO in round 1 | | 7005300000000000000♠300,000[77] |
Nov 8, 1997 | Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer II | Holyfield wins by RTD in round 8 | | 7005550000000000000♠550,000[78] |
Jan 16, 1999 | Mike Tyson vs. Francois Botha | Tyson wins by KO in round 5 | | 7005750000000000000♠750,000[79] |
Mar 13, 1999 | Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis | Split draw (116–113, 113–115, 115–115) | | 7006120000000000000♠1,200,000[80] |
Sep 18, 1999 | Oscar De La Hoya vs. Félix Trinidad | Trinidad wins by MD (115–113, 115–114, 114–114) | | 7006140000000000000♠1,400,000[66] |
Nov 13, 1999 | Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis II | Lewis wins by UD (116–112, 117–111, 115–113) | | 7005850000000000000♠850,000[80] |
Apr 29, 2000 | Lennox Lewis vs. Michael Grant | Lewis wins by KO in round 2 | | 7005340000000000000♠340,000[80] |
Jun 17, 2000 | Oscar De La Hoya vs. Shane Mosley | Mosley wins by SD (116–112, 115–113, 113–115) | | 7005590000000000000♠590,000[76] |
Sep 9, 2000 | Roy Jones Jr. vs. Eric Harding | Jones Jr. wins by RTD in round 10 | | 7005125000000000000♠125,000[81] |
Oct 20, 2000 | Mike Tyson vs. Andrew Golota | Tyson wins by TKO in round 3 (later changed to an NC) | | 7005450000000000000♠450,000[82] |
Nov 11, 2000 | Lennox Lewis vs. David Tua | Lewis wins by UD (119–109, 118–110, 117–111) | | 7005420000000000000♠420,000[80] |
Mar 3, 2001 | Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz II | Ruiz wins by UD (116–110, 115–111, 114–111) | | 7005185000000000000♠185,000[83] |
Apr 7, 2001 | Naseem Hamed vs. Marco Antonio Barrera | Barrera wins by UD (116–111, 115–112, 115–112) | | 7005310000000000000♠310,000[84] |
Nov 17, 2001 | Hasim Rahman vs. Lennox Lewis II | Lewis wins by KO in round 4 | | 7005460000000000000♠460,000[85] |
Jun 8, 2002 | Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson | Lewis wins by KO in round 8 | /
| 7006197000000000000♠1,970,000[66] |
Sep 14, 2002 | Oscar De La Hoya vs. Fernando Vargas | De La Hoya wins by TKO in round 11 | | 7005935000000000000♠935,000[76] |
Feb 22, 2003 | Mike Tyson vs. Clifford Etienne | Tyson wins by KO in round 1 | | 7005100000000000000♠100,000[83] |
Mar 1, 2003 | John Ruiz vs. Roy Jones Jr. | Jones Jr. wins by UD (118–110, 117–111, 116–112) | | 7005525000000000000♠525,000[83] |
Sep 13, 2003 | Oscar De La Hoya vs. Shane Mosley II | Mosley wins by UD (113–115, 113–115, 113–115) | | 7005950000000000000♠950,000[76] |
Oct 4, 2003 | James Toney vs. Evander Holyfield | Toney wins by TKO in round 9 | | 7005150000000000000♠150,000[86] |
Nov 8, 2003 | Antonio Tarver vs. Roy Jones Jr. | Jones Jr. wins by MD (117–111, 116–112, 114–114) | | 7005302000000000000♠302,000[87] |
May 15, 2004 | Roy Jones Jr. vs. Antonio Tarver II | Tarver wins by KO in round 2 | | 7005360000000000000♠360,000[88] |
Sep 18, 2004 | Bernard Hopkins vs. Oscar De La Hoya | Hopkins wins by KO in round 9 | | 7006100000000000000♠1,000,000[76] |
Dec 11, 2004 | Vitali Klitschko vs. Danny Williams | Klitschko wins by TKO in round 8 | | 7005120000000000000♠120,000[89] |
Mar 19, 2005 | Érik Morales vs. Manny Pacquiao | Morales wins by UD (115–113, 115–113, 115–113) | | 7005345000000000000♠345,000[90] |
Jun 11, 2005 | Mike Tyson vs. Kevin McBride | McBride wins by TKO in round 7 | | 7005250000000000000♠250,000[91] |
Jun 25, 2005 | Arturo Gatti vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. | Mayweather Jr. wins by RTD in round 6 | | 7005340000000000000♠340,000[90] |
Oct 1, 2005 | Antonio Tarver vs. Roy Jones Jr. III | Tarver wins by UD (117–111, 116–112, 116–112) | | 7005405000000000000♠405,000[92] |
Jan 21, 2006 | Manny Pacquiao vs Érik Morales II | Pacquiao wins by TKO in round 10 | | 7005360000000000000♠360,000[93] |
Apr 8, 2006 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Zab Judah | Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (116–112, 117–111, 119–109) | | 7005375000000000000♠375,000[93] |
May 6, 2006 | Ricardo Mayorga vs. Oscar De La Hoya | De La Hoya wins by TKO in round 6 | | 7005925000000000000♠925,000[94] |
May 6, 2006 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Óscar Larios | Pacquiao wins by UD (117–110, 118–108, 120–106) | Top Rank | 7005120000000000000♠120,000[95] |
Aug 12, 2006 | Hasim Rahman vs. Oleg Maskaev II | Maskaev wins by TKO in round 12 | | 7004600000000000000♠60,000[96] |
Nov 4, 2006 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Carlos Baldomir | Mayweather, Jr. wins by UD (120–108, 120–108, 118–110) | | 7005325000000000000♠325,000[93] |
Nov 18, 2006 | Manny Pacquiao vs Érik Morales III | Pacquiao wins by KO in round 3 | | 7005350000000000000♠350,000[93] |
Apr 14, 2007 | Manny Pacquiao vs Jorge Solís | Pacquiao wins by KO in round 8 | Top Rank | 7005150000000000000♠150,000[97] |
May 5, 2007 | Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. | Mayweather Jr. wins by SD (116–112, 115–113, 113–115) | | 7006240000000000000♠2,400,000[66] |
Oct 10, 2007 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Marco Antonio Barrera II | Pacquiao wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 115–112) | | 7005350000000000000♠350,000[98] |
Dec 8, 2007 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky Hatton | Mayweather Jr. wins by TKO in round 10 | | 7005920000000000000♠920,000[99] |
Mar 15, 2008 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez II | Pacquiao wins by SD (115–112, 114–113, 112–115) | | 7005400000000000000♠400,000[100] |
Jun 28, 2008 | David Díaz vs. Manny Pacquiao | Pacquiao wins by TKO in round 9 | | 7005206000000000000♠206,000[101] |
Nov 8, 2008 | Joe Calzaghe vs. Roy Jones Jr. | Calzaghe wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 118–109) | | 7005225000000000000♠225,000[102] |
Dec 6, 2008 | Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao | Pacquiao wins by RTD in round 8 | | 7006125000000000000♠1,250,000[66] |
May 2, 2009 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton | Pacquiao wins by KO in round 2 | | 7005850000000000000♠850,000[103] |
Sep 19, 2009 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Juan Manuel Márquez | Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (120–107, 119–108, 118–109) | | 7006106000000000000♠1,060,000[99] |
Nov 14, 2009 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel Cotto | Pacquiao wins by TKO in round 12 | | 7006125000000000000♠1,250,000[104] |
Mar 13, 2010 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Joshua Clottey | Pacquiao wins by UD (119–109, 119–109, 120–108) | | 7005700000000000000♠700,000[105] |
Apr 3, 2010 | Bernard Hopkins vs. Roy Jones Jr. II | Hopkins win by UD (118–109, 117–110, 117–110) | | 7005150000000000000♠150,000[106] |
May 1, 2010 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Shane Mosley | Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (119–109, 118–110, 119–109) | | 7006140000000000000♠1,400,000[66] |
Nov 13, 2010 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito | Pacquiao wins by UD (120–108, 118–110, 119–109) | | 7006115000000000000♠1,150,000[107] |
May 7, 2011 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Shane Mosley | Pacquiao wins by UD (119–108, 120–108, 120–107) | | 7006134000000000000♠1,340,000[108] |
Sep 17, 2011 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs Victor Ortiz | Mayweather Jr. wins by KO in round 4 | | 7006125000000000000♠1,250,000[109] |
Nov 13, 2011 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III | Pacquiao wins by MD (115–113, 114–114, 116–112) | | 7006140000000000000♠1,400,000[110] |
Dec 3, 2011 | Miguel Cotto vs. Antonio Margarito II | Cotto wins by RTD in round 9 | | 7005600000000000000♠600,000[111] |
May 5, 2012 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Miguel Cotto | Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (117–111, 117–111, 118–110) | | 7006150000000000000♠1,500,000[112] |
Jun 9, 2012 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley | Bradley wins by SD (115–113, 115–113, 115–113) | | 7005890000000000000♠890,000[113] |
Sep 15, 2012 | Sergio Martínez vs. Julio César Chávez Jr. | Martínez wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 117–110) | | 7005475000000000000♠475,000[114] |
Dec 8, 2012 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV | Márquez wins by KO in round 6 | | 7006115000000000000♠1,150,000[115] |
May 4, 2013 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Robert Guerrero | Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (117–111, 117–111, 117–111) | | 7006100000000000000♠1,000,000[116] |
Sep 14, 2013 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Canelo Álvarez | Mayweather, Jr. wins by MD (117–111, 116–112, 114–114) | | 7006220000000000000♠2,200,000[117] |
Oct 12, 2013 | Timothy Bradley vs. Juan Manuel Márquez | Bradley wins by SD (115–113, 116–112, 113–115) | | 7005375000000000000♠375,000[118] |
Nov 24, 2013 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Brandon Ríos | Pacquiao wins by UD (119–109, 120–108, 118–110) | | 7005475000000000000♠475,000[119] |
Mar 8, 2014 | Canelo Álvarez vs. Alfredo Angulo | Álvarez wins by TKO in Round 10 | | 7005350000000000000♠350,000[120] |
Apr 12, 2014 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley II | Pacquiao wins by UD (116–112, 116–112, 118–110) | | 7005800000000000000♠800,000[121] |
May 3, 2014 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Marcos Maidana | Mayweather Jr. wins by MD (114–114, 117–111, 116–112) | | 7005900000000000000♠900,000[122] |
Jun 7, 2014 | Miguel Cotto vs. Sergio Martínez | Cotto wins by RTD in round 10 | | 7005315000000000000♠315,000[123] |
Jul 12, 2014 | Canelo Álvarez vs. Erislandy Lara | Álvarez wins by SD (115–113, 117–111, 113–115) | | 7005300000000000000♠300,000[124] |
Sep 13, 2014 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Marcos Maidana II | Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (116–111, 116–111, 115–112) | | 7005925000000000000♠925,000[122] |
Nov 23, 2014 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Chris Algieri | Pacquiao wins by UD (119–103, 119–103, 120–102) | | 7005400000000000000♠400,000[125] |
May 2, 2015 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao | Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (116–112, 116–112, 118–110) | /
| 7006460000000000000♠4,600,000[126] |
Sep 12, 2015 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto | Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (120–108, 118–110, 117–111) | | 7005400000000000000♠400,000[127] |
Oct 17, 2015 | Gennady Golovkin vs. David Lemieux | Golovkin wins via TKO in round 8 | | 7005150000000000000♠150,000[128] |
Nov 21, 2015 | Miguel Cotto vs. Canelo Álvarez | Álvarez wins by UD (117–111, 119–109, 118–110) | | 7005900000000000000♠900,000[129] |
Apr 9, 2016 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley III | Pacquiao wins by UD (116–110, 116–110, 116–110) | | 7005400000000000000♠400,000[130] |
May 7, 2016 | Canelo Álvarez vs. Amir Khan | Álvarez wins by KO in round 6 | | 7005600000000000000♠600,000[131] |
July 23, 2016 | Terence Crawford vs. Viktor Postol | Crawford wins by UD (118–107, 118–107, 117–108) | | 7004550000000000000♠55,000[132] |
Sep 17, 2016 | Canelo Álvarez vs. Liam Smith | Álvarez wins by TKO in round 9 | | 7005300000000000000♠300,000[133] |
Nov 5, 2016 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Jessie Vargas | Pacquiao wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 114–113) | Top Rank | 7005300000000000000♠300,000[134] |
Nov 19, 2016 | Sergey Kovalev vs. Andre Ward | Ward wins by UD (114–113, 114–113, 114–113) | | 7005165000000000000♠165,000[135] |
Mar 18, 2017 | Gennady Golovkin vs. Daniel Jacobs | Golovkin wins by UD (115–112, 115–112, 114–113) | | 7005170000000000000♠170,000[136] |
May 6, 2017 | Canelo Álvarez vs. Julio César Chávez Jr. | Álvarez wins by UD (120–108, 120–108, 120–108) | | 7006100000000000000♠1,000,000[137] |
Jun 17, 2017 | Andre Ward vs. Sergey Kovalev II | Ward wins by TKO in round 8 | | 7005130000000000000♠130,000[138] |
Aug 26, 2017 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor | Mayweather wins by TKO in round 10 | | 7006430000000000000♠4,300,000[139] |
Sep 16, 2017 | Gennady Golovkin vs. Canelo Álvarez | Split draw (118–110, 115–113, 114–114) | | 7006130000000000000♠1,300,000[140] |
UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship)
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a relative newcomer on the pay-per-view scene, matched the once-dominant World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. in pay-per-view revenues during 2006 and surpassed boxing titan HBO. The three companies make up the bulk of the pay-per-view business. According to Deana Myers, a senior analyst at Kagan Research LLC (which tracks the PPV industry), "UFC has reinvigorated the pay-per-view category."[141]
The highest buy rates for the UFC as of February 2017[update] are as follows:
SOURCE:[142]
Note: The UFC does not release official PPV statistics, and the following PPV numbers are as reported by industry insiders.
| No. | Date | Event | Buy rate | Revenue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aug 20, 2016 | UFC 202: Diaz vs. McGregor 2 | 1,650,000[143] | $82.5 million[144] |
| 2 | Jul 11, 2009 | UFC 100: Lesnar vs. Mir 2 | 1,600,000 | $82 million |
| 3 | Mar 5, 2016 | UFC 196: McGregor vs. Diaz | 1,300,000[145] | $65 million[146] |
| 4 | Nov 12, 2016 | UFC 205: Alvarez vs. McGregor | 1,300,000[147] | $65 million[146] |
| 5 | Dec 12, 2015 | UFC 194: Aldo vs. McGregor | 1,200,000[148] | $90 million |
| 6 | Jul 9, 2016 | UFC 200: Tate vs. Nunes | 1,200,000[149] | |
| 7 | Jul 3, 2010 | UFC 116: Lesnar vs. Carwin | 1,160,000 | $55 million |
| 8 | Nov 15, 2015 | UFC 193: Rousey vs. Holm | 1,100,000 | $60 million |
| 9 | Dec 30, 2016 | UFC 207: Nunes vs. Rousey | 1,100,000[150] | |
| 10 | Dec 30, 2006 | UFC 66: Liddell vs. Ortiz 2 | 1,050,000 | $53 million |
| 11 | May 29, 2010 | UFC 114: Rampage vs. Evans | 1,050,000 | |
| 12 | Oct 23, 2010 | UFC 121: Lesnar vs. Velasquez | 1,050,000 | $45 million |
| 13 | Dec 28, 2013 | UFC 168: Weidman vs. Silva II | 1,025,000[151] | |
| 14 | Nov 15, 2008 | UFC 91: Couture vs. Lesnar | 1,010,000 | $47 million |
| 15 | Dec 27, 2008 | UFC 92: The Ultimate 2008 | 1,000,000 | |
| 16 | Mar 16, 2013 | UFC 158: St-Pierre vs. Diaz | 950,000 | |
| 17 | Jul 7, 2012 | UFC 148: Silva vs. Sonnen II | 925,000 | |
| 18 | Jan 31, 2009 | UFC 94: St-Pierre vs. Penn 2 | 920,000 | |
| 19 | Aug 1, 2015 | UFC 190: Rousey vs. Correia | 900,000 | |
| 20 | Nov 4, 2017 | UFC 217: Bisping vs. St-Pierre | 875,000 | |
| 21 | Jul 29, 2017 | UFC 214: Cormier vs. Jones 2 | 860,000 | |
| 22 | Aug 8, 2009 | UFC 101: Declaration | 850,000 | |
| 23 | Jul 11, 2015 | UFC 189: Mendes vs. McGregor | 825,000 | |
| 24 | Apr 30, 2011 | UFC 129: St-Pierre vs. Shields | 800,000 | |
| 25 | Jan 3, 2015 | UFC 182: Jones vs. Cormier | 800,000 | |
| 26 | Dec 11, 2010 | UFC 124: St-Pierre vs. Koscheck 2 | 785,000 | |
| 27 | Dec 30, 2011 | UFC 141: Lesnar vs. Overeem | 780,000 | |
| 28 | Mar 27, 2010 | UFC 111: St-Pierre vs. Hardy | 770,000 |
Professional wrestling
Professional wrestling has a long history of running pay-per-view events. WWE (then WWF) launched its first pay-per-view event in 1985 with The Wrestling Classic and has run numerous others throughout the years. Other major organisations such as WCW, ECW and TNA have also run pay-per-view events.
The highest buy rates for professional wrestling events as of June 2015[update] are as follows:[152]
| No. | Date | Event | Buy rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apr 1, 2012 | WrestleMania XXVIII | 1,217,000 |
| 2 | Apr 1, 2007 | WrestleMania 23 | 1,200,000 |
| 3 | Apr 3, 2005 | WrestleMania 21 | 1,085,000 |
| 4 | Apr 3, 2011 | WrestleMania XXVII | 1,059,000 |
| 5 | Mar 30, 2008 | WrestleMania XXIV | 1,058,000 |
| 6 | Apr 7, 2013 | WrestleMania 29 | 1,048,000 |
| 7 | Apr 1, 2001 | WrestleMania X-Seven | 1,040,000 |
| 8 | Mar 14, 2004 | WrestleMania XX | 1,007,000 |
| 9 | Apr 2, 2006 | WrestleMania 22 | 975,000 |
| 10 | Apr 5, 2009 | WrestleMania XXV | 960,000 |
| 11 | Mar 28, 2010 | WrestleMania XXVI | 885,000 |
| 12 | Mar 17, 2002 | WrestleMania X8 | 880,000 |
| 13 | Apr 2, 2000 | WrestleMania 2000 | 824,000 |
| 14 | Mar 28, 1999 | WrestleMania XV | 800,000 |
| 15 | Jul 22, 2001 | Invasion | 770,000 |
Other events
In 2015, with the Fare Thee Well: Celebrating 50 Years of the Grateful Dead the pay-per-view set a new record for a music event with more than 400,000 subscriptions, surpassing a 1999 simulcast by the Backstreet Boys which drew 160,000 subscriptions.[153]
Canada
In Canada, most specialty television providers provide pay-per-view programming through one or more services. In all cases, prices typically range from around C$4.99 (for movies) up to $50 or more for special events.
Initially, there were three major PPV providers in Canada; Viewers Choice Canada operated in Eastern Canada as a joint venture of Astral Media, Rogers Communications, and TSN, while Western International Communications operated a separate service also branded as Viewers Choice, which used the brand under licence after previously operating as Home Theatre.
Viewers Choice Canada was a partner in a French-language PPV service known as Canal Indigo, which is now entirely owned by Videotron. Bell Canada also launched a PPV service for its ExpressVu television provider known as Vu! in 1999.
Home Theatre was later acquired by Shaw Communications; after gaining permission to operate nationally, it re-branded as a white-label PPV known internally as Shaw PPV in December 2007. In 2014, due to Bell Media's majority ownership of Viewers Choice because of its acquisition of Astral, and because both Bell and Rogers now ran their own in-house PPV operations (Vu! and Sportsnet PPV), Viewers Choice was shut down.[154]
Europe
United Kingdom and Ireland
Viewers in the United Kingdom and Ireland can access pay-per-view via satellite, cable and over-the-internet television services, mainly for films – with services such as Sky Box Office. Broadcasters (most notably PremPlus) have largely abandoned their aspirations to introduce PPV into the sports market due to poor take-up; as of 2009[update] it carries only occasional boxing matches and all of the WWE pay-per-view events. In February 2014, WWE launched their subscription-based video streaming service, the WWE Network, which was launched in the UK and Ireland on 13 January 2015; this would have a considerable impact on pay-per-view services in the UK.
Boxing
Select boxing pay-per-view figures (mainly from Sky Box Office as well as Primetime) between 1966 and 2018:
| Date | Fight | Network | Buys | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
21 May 1966 | Muhammad Ali vs. Henry Cooper II | Pay TV | 40,000 | [155] |
16 March 1996 | Frank Bruno vs. Mike Tyson II |  | 600,000 | [156] |
8 February 1997 | Naseem Hamed vs. Tom Johnson | | 650,000 | [156][157] |
28 June 1997 | Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II | | 550,000 | [158] |
1997 | Naseem Hamed fight | | 831,000 | [159][160] |
13 March 1999 | Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis | | 400,000 | [161] |
29 January 2000 | Mike Tyson vs. Julius Francis | | 500,000 | [158] |
8 June 2002 | Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson | | 750,000 | [162] |
8 December 2007 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky Hatton | | 1,150,000 | [163] |
18 July 2009 | Amir Khan vs. Andreas Kotelnik | | 100,000 | [164] |
7 November 2009 | Nikolai Valuev vs. David Haye | | 469,000 | [165] |
3 April 2010 | David Haye vs. John Ruiz | | 177,000 | [166] |
24 April 2010 | Carl Froch vs. Mikkel Kessler | Primetime | 50,000 | [167] |
18 September 2010 | Kell Brook vs. Michael Jennings | | 15,000 | [168] |
13 November 2010 | David Haye vs. Audley Harrison | | 223,000 | [165] |
11 December 2010 | Amir Khan vs. Marcos Maidana | | 164,000 | [169] |
16 April 2011 | Amir Khan vs. Paul McCloskey | Primetime | 200,000 | [170][167] |
21 May 2011 | George Groves vs. James DeGale | | 43,000 | [171] |
2 July 2011 | Wladimir Klitschko vs. David Haye | | 1,143,000 | [172] |
25 May 2013 | Carl Froch vs. Mikkel Kessler II | | 32,000 | [173] |
23 November 2013 | Carl Froch vs. George Groves | | 47,000 | [174] |
31 May 2014 | Carl Froch vs. George Groves II | | 355,000 | [175] |
30 May 2015 | Kell Brook vs. Frankie Gavin | | 139,000 | [176] |
2 May 2015 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao | | 876,000 | [177] |
28 November 2015 | Wladimir Klitschko vs. Tyson Fury | | 545,000 | [178] |
12 December 2015 | Anthony Joshua vs. Dillian Whyte | | 420,000 | [179] |
27 February 2016 | Carl Frampton vs. Scott Quigg | | 304,000 | [180] |
9 April 2016 | Anthony Joshua vs. Charles Martin | | 500,000 | [179] |
25 June 2016 | Anthony Joshua vs. Dominic Breazeale | | 512,000 | [181] |
10 September 2016 | Gennady Golovkin vs. Kell Brook | | 500,000 | [182] |
10 December 2016 | Anthony Joshua vs. Éric Molina | | 450,000 | [179] |
4 March 2017 | David Haye vs. Tony Bellew | | 890,000 | [183] |
29 April 2017 | Anthony Joshua vs. Wladimir Klitschko | | 1,532,000 | [184] |
27 May 2017 | Kell Brook vs. Errol Spence Jr. | | 275,000 | [185] |
26 August 2017 | Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor | | 874,000 | [186] |
28 October 2017 | Anthony Joshua vs. Carlos Takam | | 887,000 | [187] |
31 March 2018 | Anthony Joshua vs. Joseph Parker | | 1,457,000 | [188] |
5 May 2018 | David Haye vs. Tony Bellew II | | 775,000 | [189] |
28 July 2018 | Dillian Whyte vs. Joseph Parker | | 474,000 | [190][191] |
Romania
Cable communications operator UPC Romania has notified the National Audiovisual Council (CNA) on the intention to introduce in January, February 2014 at the latest, an on-demand audiovisual media service called Agerpres. According to the manager of UPC Romania-owned Smaranda Radoi UPC, will allow customers to watch movies on demand or live events; as well as broadcasts of performances, concerts and sporting events.
Albania
In November 2008, pay-per-view made its debut in Albania through Digitalb on terrestrial and satellite television, with the channel DigiGold.[192]
France
Launched in the late 1990s, Canalsat (Ciné+) and TPS (Multivision) operate their own pay-per-view service. While CanalSat holds the rights to live soccer matches for France's Ligue 1, TPS had the rights for Boxe matches. In 2007, Multivision service ceased by the end of TPS service which merged with Canalsat. Nowadays, Ciné+ is the only existing pay-per-view service in France.
Croatia
Fight Channel is broadcasting martial arts events organized by the world's most prominent fighting organizations, such as the UFC, K-1, HBO Boxing, Dream, Glory WS, World Series of Boxing etc. and its pay-per-view service covers the Balkans region.
South America
Per nations with Pay-Per-View or PPV system in South América
Argentina
Torneos y Competencias, is a producer and sports events organization that broadcasts live main matches of Argentine Soccer in four categories on TyC Sports and TyC Max
Brazil
In the soccer main matches of Serie A (Six games per matchday) and Serie B (Four games per matchday) in two categories of Brazilian Soccer are broadcast live on Premiere FC and SporTV. The Serie C Championship are broadcast live on SporTV with two games per matchday in Pay TV. In other sports are broadcast live on NBB TV (Exclusive channel of Brazilian Basketball League in Premium system)
Chile
In Chile the exclusive rights of Chilean Soccer are owned by TV Fútbol and broadcast live on a channel called Canal Del Fútbol (The Soccer Channel), also known CDF. Sports Field S.A. has exclusive rights to games on the Chilean professional basketball league, which are broadcast live vía CDO (Premium Signal)
Paraguay
The Teledeportes business have exclusive rights to broadcast live main matches of Paraguayan Soccer in four categories vía Tigo Max and Tigo Sports. Teledeportes have live broadcast live of Paraguayan Basketball League is broadcast live Monday at 7:55 pm on Tigo Max (K.O 20:10) and Thursday at 8:00 pm on Tigo Sports (K.O 20:15).
Uruguay
The Tenfield producer business and sports events organization have television exclusive rights for the main matches of Uruguayan soccer and basketball, which are broadcast on VTV Max and VTV Sports.
Australia and the Pacific Islands
Foxtel and Optus Vision introduced pay-per-view direct to home television in Australia in the mid-to-late 1990s. Foxtel had Event TV (until it transformed into its current form; Main Event) while, Optus Vision had Main Attraction Pay-Per-View as its provider. As of 2005, Main Event is the current pay-per-view provider through Foxtel and Optus cable/satellite subscription.
Sky Pacific started a service in Fiji in 2005 and then expanded into American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati (East), Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu, with one, out of their 25 channels, being Pay-Per-View.[193]
Netflix is available in Australia.
Asia
Malaysia
In Malaysia, Astro's Astro Box Office service launched in 2000 in the form of the free-to-air "Astro Showcase".
Japan
SkyPerfecTV subscribers can receive one-click pay-per-view access to hundreds of channels supplying domestic and international sporting events (including WWE events), movies, and specialty programming, either live or later on continuous repeat on its channel.
India
In India a pay-per-view service operates; however, pay-per-view sports broadcasts are available.Now also live events like wwe.[citation needed]
See also
- Bel Air Circuit
- Conditional access
- List of Bellator events
- List of DREAM events
- List of ECW pay-per-view events
- List of K-1 events
- List of ROH pay-per-view events
- List of Strikeforce events
- List of TNA pay-per-view events
- List of UFC events
- List of WCW pay-per-view events
- List of WWE pay-per-view events
References
^ abc Ezra, Michael (2013). The Economic Civil Rights Movement: African Americans and the Struggle for Economic Power. Routledge. p. 105. ISBN 9781136274756.
^ abcdefghijk "History of Prizefighting's Biggest Money Fights". Bloody Elbow. SB Nation. August 24, 2017.
^ Television. Frederick A. Kugel Company. 1965. p. 78.Teleprompter's main-spring, Irving B. Kahn (he's chairman of the board and president), had a taste of closed circuit operations as early as 1948. That summer, Kahn, then a vice president of 20th Century-Fox, negotiated what was probably the first inter-city closed circuit telecast in history, a pickup of the Joe Louis-Joe Walcott fight.
^ "Zaire's fight promotion opens new gold mines". The Morning Herald. November 18, 1974.
^ "Karriem Allah". Black Belt. Active Interest Media, Inc.: 35 1976.
^ FCC Squares Off to Face Subscription TV Dilemma", Broadcasting-Telecasting, November 15, 1954, p31-32
^ ab Brooks, Ken (2016). Ingemar Johansson: Swedish Heavyweight Boxing Champion. McFarland. p. 150. ISBN 9781476620237.
^ abcd "Floyd Favored 18-5 to Send Swede Home with Lumpy Head". Daily Inter Lake. March 13, 1961. p. 5.
^ "Clay-Jones Fight First Garden Sellout in 13 Yrs". Traverse City Record-Eagle. March 13, 1963.
^ ab "Can the fine arts find a home on television?" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Incorporated. 83: 38. 1972.Noting that many in the arts community have rested their hopes on pay cable, Mr. Jencks recalled that during a pay-TV experiment over WHCT(TV) Hartford, Conn., 96% of all viewing time was devoted to motion pictures and sports events. A single boxing match between Sonny Liston and Muhammad Ali, Mr. Jencks said, attracted nearly four times as many subscribers as the cumulative total of all 50 "educational features" offered by WHCT over a two-year period.
^ ab Ezra, Michael (2009). Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon. Temple University Press. p. 83. ISBN 9781592136612.
^ Mullen, Megan Gwynne (2003). The Rise of Cable Programming in the United States: revolution or evolution?. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-75273-3.
^ ab Steve Seepersaud. "Money in Boxing: The Pay-Per-View Craze". Ca.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ Steve Seepersaud. "Money in Boxing: The Pay-Per-View Craze". Ca.askmen.com. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ "PayPerView.com – WWE Online Pay-Per-View". Whois.domaintools.com. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ "Mayweather-Hatton pay-per-view a smashing success". Sports.espn.go.com. 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ Dan Rafael (April 29, 2015). "Mayweather-Pacquiao on PPV 'a perfect storm'". ESPN.
^ "Sports TV Ratings: How Many People Watched Mayweather vs. Pacquiao, The Kentucky Derby And NFL Draft?". 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
^ "HBO's Taffet Still Stunned By 4.6M Buys For May-Pac". Retrieved May 2, 2016.
^ Kurt Badenhausen (April 9, 2015). "Manny Pacquiao Set To Retire After Bradley Fight With $500 Million In Career Earnings". Forbes.
^ http://boxingjunkie.usatoday.com/2016/11/15/bob-arum-manny-pacquiao-jessie-vargas-fight-300k-ppv-buys/
^ Where Manny Pacquiao ranks among the biggest PPV boxing draws of all-time. Yahoo! Sports (April 8, 2014). Retrieved on 2016-06-25.
^ ab The Boxing Scene By Thomas Hauser
^ [1] Archived January 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Attendance Data: TNT Reports on Fightcasts". Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications: 78. July 1951.
^ "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. June 13, 1951. p. 19.
^ ab "Theater TV: 200-House Web Could Create Own Programs". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. February 9, 1952.
^ "Joe Walcott Quits; 'Last King of Line'". The New York Age. September 27, 1952.
^ "RAIN THREATENS HEAVYWEIGHT TITLE". Tucson Daily Citizen. September 23, 1952.
^ "Thoughts from the Colonies on Ingemar Johansson". BoxNation. July 5, 2016.
^ Springer, Steve; Chavez, Blake (2011). Hard Luck: The Triumph and Tragedy of "Irish" Jerry Quarry. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 42. ISBN 9780762768639.
^ ab "Patterson Is Heavy Favorite To Title Keep His Title". The Cincinnati Enquirer. June 21, 1959.
^ ab "Showers Threaten Patterson-Johansson Bout: Patterson Set As 5-1 Favorite To Keep Crown". Statesville Record & Landmark. June 25, 1959.
^ "'Experts' Say Floyd Early: Quick End For Title Tiff?". Hammond Times. March 12, 1961.
^ "Patterson Lopsided Choice to Win Over Johansson". Schenectady Gazette. March 13, 1961. p. 65.
^ "Clay Wants Gotham Bout". Corpus Christi Caller-Times. May 26, 1965. p. 21.
^ Frazier, Joe; Berger, Phil (2013). Smokin’ Joe: The Autobiography of a Heavyweight Champion of the World, Smokin’ Joe Frazier. AudioGO. p. 104. ISBN 9781620642160.
^ "Invitation To Murder: Cassius May Get A Crack At Liston This Summer". The Courier-Journal. March 14, 1963.
^ "Clay-Jones Fight First Garden Sellout in 13 Yrs". Traverse City Record-Eagle. March 13, 1963.
^ Ezra, Michael (2009). Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon. Temple University Press. p. 81. ISBN 9781592136612.
^ ab Ezra, Michael (2009). "Muhammad Ali's Main Bout: African American Economic Power and the World Heavyweight Title". Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon. Temple University Press. p. 82. ISBN 9781592136612.
^ Ezra, Michael (2013). The Economic Civil Rights Movement: African Americans and the Struggle for Economic Power. Routledge. p. 109. ISBN 9781136274756.
^ Levy, Alan (2008). Floyd Patterson: A Boxer and a Gentleman. McFarland. p. 181. ISBN 9780786439508.
^ Mee, Bob (2011). Liston and Ali: The Ugly Bear and the Boy Who Would Be King. Mainstream Publishing. p. 308. ISBN 9781907195655.
^ ab "Terrell Gets Crack at Unbeaten Clay". The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 5, 1967.
^ ab Ezra, Michael (2013). The Economic Civil Rights Movement: African Americans and the Struggle for Economic Power. Routledge. p. 114. ISBN 9781136274756.
^ "Clay Predicts Victory". The Palm Beach Post. October 24, 1970.
^ Ezra, Michael (2009). Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon. Temple University Press. p. 82. ISBN 9781592136612.
^ "Clay-Quarry fight to gross $3.5 million". Battle Creek Enquirer. November 10, 1970.
^ Katz, Michael (April 9, 1985). "TV SPORTS; BONANZA FROM HAGLER-HEARNS". New York Times.
^ "Hagler vs. Hearns: The Hype Battle". Winchester Star. February 16, 1985.
^ "Ali Wins On Decision". The Bee. September 29, 1976.
^ "Ali, Norton both promise in tonight's title tilt". Battle Creek Enquirer. September 28, 1976.
^ "The Last Hurrah isn't a box office knockout". Fort Lauderdale News. October 2, 1980.
^ Bardy, Dave (June 20, 1980). "Leonard vs Duran June 20: Talking Is Over in Montreal". Washington Post.
^ "Imagine A Day At The End Of Your Life: Larry Holmes-Gerry Cooney Revisited". Bad Left Hook. SB Nation. June 11, 2012.
^ ab "How the Hagler-Leonard superfight changed the combat sports landscape". Wrestling Observer Newsletter. April 9, 2017.
^ "Hagler Bout to Be Shown in City". The Oklahoman. October 29, 1985.
^ "'Superfight' becomes reality Monday". The Sentinel. April 4, 1987.
^ Asher, Mark (July 5, 1997). "TYSON-HOLYFIELD PACKED A BIG FINANCIAL WALLOP". Washington Post.
^ ab "Mayweather-Pacquiao KO's PPV marks, live gate". ESPN. May 12, 2015.
^ "KLTV fight plea is turned down". Broadcasting Telecasting. Broadcasting Publications. 63: 131. June–September 1962. CS1 maint: Date format (link)
^ Smith, Ronald A. (2003). Play-by-Play: Radio, Television, and Big-Time College Sport. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 101. ISBN 9780801876929.
^ "Boxing on Primetime Network TV: Things Came To An End in The 90s". Boxing Insider. January 22, 2013.
^ ab Douglas-Holyfield Draws Record Pay-per-view Fans, Orlando Sentinel article, 1990-10-12, Retrieved on 2014-03-15
^ abcdefghijk Emen, Jake (2011-10-30). "Biggest boxing PPVs of all time – UFC". Sports.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 2010-11-19. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ Van Riper, Tom (2008-11-24). "In Pictures: The 10 Biggest Pay-Per-View Fights". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
^ Low Numbers For Tyson-Botha, Boxing Insider article, 2013-01-22, Retrieved on 2013-08-06
^ Pay-per-view Sales High For Holyfield-Bowe, Philadelphia Daily News article, 1992-11-13, Retrieved on 2013-11-16
^ [2], Box Rec, Retrieved on 2014-03-15
^ Black (Box) Art of Steal-Per-View, N.Y. Times article, 1995-04-21, Retrieved on 2013-10-15
^ [3], Box Rec, Retrieved on 2014-03-15
^ "James Toney vs. Roy Jones Jr". Box Rec. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
^ "About. com Top Pay Per View Events in Boxing History". about.com. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
^ "Bowe-Holyfield Knocks Out $26 Mil". Variety.com. 1995-11-12. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
^ abcdef Pay-Per-View History at about.com
^ "Rawling awards Lewis clean sweep". BBC. 2000-11-12. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
^ "MEDIA NOTES". Sports Business Daily. 1997-11-14. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
^ Low Numbers For Tyson-Botha, N.Y. Times article, 1999-01-20, Retrieved on 2013-08-05
^ abcd Sandomir, Richard (2000-11-16). "PLUS: TV SPORTS; LEWIS-TUA ATTRACTS 420,000 BUYERS". N.Y. Times article. Retrieved 2014-01-04.
^ [4], Cyber Boxing Zone article, 2000-09-17, Retrieved on 2014-03-15
^ Rarely A Pay-per-view Draw, Lewis Seeks Smashing Win, Philadelphia Inquirer article, 2000-11-11, Retrieved on 2013-08-11
^ abc "525,000 Buys for Jones Bout". N.Y. Times article. 2003-03-05. Retrieved 2014-01-04.
^ "Marquez-Barrera pulls in $10.1 million in TV revenue". ESPN.com. 2007-03-24. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
^ "Hasim Rahman vs. Lennox Lewis (2nd meeting)". BoxRec. 2015-01-03. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
^ "Holyfield considering retirement". USA TODAY article. 2003-10-15. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
^ Roy Jones Jr. Says He's the Draw, But it He?, FightHype.com article, Retrieved on 2014-01-08
^ Tarver v Jones II PPV did 360,000 buys, SecondsOut.Com article, Retrieved on 2014-01-08
^ TAKING A DIVE Boxing ratings drop HBO to the canvas, N.Y.DailyNews.com article, 2004-12-19, Retrieved on 2014-04-10
^ ab Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight - 04/05, BoxingScene.com article, Retrieved on 2015-03-26
^ Tyson-McBride 250,000 PPV Buys, BoxingScene.com article, Retrieved on 2014-01-08
^ "HBO release PPV Tarver/Jones buys". SecondsOut.Com article. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
^ abcd Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight - 2006, BoxingScene.com article, Retrieved on 2015-04-01
^ "Ricardo Mayorga vs. Oscar De La Hoya – Boxrec Boxing Encyclopaedia". Boxrec.com. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ "Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight". BoxingScene. April 1, 2015.
^ "Notebook: Manager says Gatti not retiring yet". ESPN. August 18, 2006.
^ Nick Giongco. "Pacquiao fight sold $ 1.3-M tickets.(Sports News)". Manila Bulletin.
^ Rold, Cliff (2015-04-09). "Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight - 2007". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2015-04-09.
^ ab "Floyd Mayweather Jr.-Shane Mosley fight does 1.4 million pay-per-view buys". LA.Times.com. 2010-05-11. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
^ "Juan Manuel Marquez vs. Manny Pacquiao (2nd meeting)". Boxrec.
^ Rold, Cliff (2015-04-16). "Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight – 08-09". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2015-04-16.
^ Rold, Cliff (2015-04-16). "HBO releases official PPV numbers: 1.25 million". Bad Left Hook. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
^ "Pacquiao-Hatton PPV numbers something to celebrate, even if Arum refuses".
^ "Pacquiao-Cotto tops Mayweather in PPV". ESPN.com. 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
^ "Pacquiao-Clottey earns big PPV bucks". ESPN.com. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
^ "Jones-Hopkins II does about 150K PPV buys". Bad Left Hook. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
^ "Manny Pacquiao generates another 1 million PPV buys". Sports.espn.go.com. 2010-11-23. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ "Bout draws more than 1.3 million buys". Espn.go.com.
^ "The Numbers Are In! Mayweather-Ortiz Is Second Highest Grossing Non-Heavyweight Fight". Fighthype.com. 2011-10-28. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ "Pacquiao vs Marquez III draws 1.4 million PPV". BoxingNews24. December 13, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
^ ""Fighting Words" — Deontay Wilder Gets A Reality Check - Boxing News". www.boxingscene.com.
^ "Floyd Mayweather-Miguel Cotto rakes in $94M in PPV sales". Espn.go.com. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
^ "Pacquiao-Bradley II set for April". espn.com. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
^ "Viewers flock to Martinez-Chavez". ESPN.com. 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
^ "Marquez-Pacquiao another big draw". ESPN.com. 2012-12-15. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
^ Satterfield, Lem (2013-05-10). "Mayweather-Guerrero: Over a million PPV buys". The Ring. Retrieved 2015-04-30.
^ Floyd Mayweather and Canelo Alvarez PPV sales at 2.2 million, setting revenue record, Yahoo Sports, October 2, 2013.
^ Top Rank president Todd duBoef says Bradley-Marquez pay-per-view did 375,000 sales, Yahoo Sports, November 4, 2013.
^ "Manny Pacquiao-Brandon Rios fight sells 475,000 PPVs, according to HBO Sports". Sports.Yahoo. 2013-12-05. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
^ "Canelo Alvarez scores on PPV". ESPN.com. 2014-03-14. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
^ "Pacquiao-Bradley II numbers down". Espn.go.com.
^ ab "Source: Mayweather-Maidana II does 925,000 pay-per-view buys". Yahoo.Sports. 2014-09-18. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
^ "Cotto-Martinez fight brings in disappointing pay-per-view audience". SI.com. 2014-06-26. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
^ "Golovkin-Rubio up next?". ESPN.com. 2014-08-15. Retrieved 2014-08-29.
^ "Pacquiao vs Algieri gets over 400K in PPV buys". ABS-CBNnews.com.
^ Idec, Keith (2015-11-10). "HBO's Taffet Still Stunned By 4.6M Buys For May-Pac". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
^ "Bob Arum: Pacquiao-Bradley III lost money, had 'terrible' PPV numbers". Espn.go.com. April 21, 2016.
^ Thompson, Ben (2015-10-20). "Golovkin vs. Lemieux does roughly 150,000 PPV buys" fighthype.com. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ Rafael, Dan (2015-12-03). "Canelo Alvarez-Miguel Cotto pay-per-view approximately $58M in revenue". ESPN. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
^ Manny Pacquiao-Timothy Bradley Jr. III PPV numbers 'terrible', says Top Rank promoter Bob Arum. Espn.go.com (April 21, 2016). Retrieved on 2016-06-25.
^ Rafael, Dan (May 14, 2016). "Canelo Alvarez, Amir Khan fight sells close to 600,000 pay-per-view buys, Golden Boy Promotions says". ESPN. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
^ Arum says he lost about $100k on Crawford-Postol PPV. Espn.go.com (September 3, 2016). Retrieved on 2016-09-10.
^ "Canelo-Smith PPV: Golden Boy Pleased With 300K Buys". boxingscene.com. September 25, 2016.
^ "Bob Arum: Pacquiao-Vargas fight surpassed 300K PPV buys; Is Pacquiao-Mayweather II possible?". USA Today. November 15, 2016. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
^ "Ward-Kovalev: $3.3 Million Live Gate From 10,066 Tickets Sold". BoxingScene. December 5, 2016.
^ "Loeffler Confirms Golovkin-Jacobs Did About 170K PPV Buys". BoxingScene. March 24, 2017.
^ "Canelo Alvarez-Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. hits 1 Million Pay-Per-View Buys". ESPN. May 19, 2017.
^ Idec, Keith (June 28, 2017). "Ward-Kovalev Rematch Replay Peaked at 947K Viewers on HBO". BoxingScene. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ https://www.mmafighting.com/2017/12/14/16778858/floyd-mayweather-vs-conor-mcgregor-ends-up-second-biggest-north-american-ppv-ever
^ Idec, Keith (September 27, 2017). "Report: Canelo-Golovkin Fight Produced 1.3 Million PPV Buys". BoxingScene. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
^ Goldman, Adam. "Extreme fight on for pay-per-view crown", Associated Press, 28 February 2007.
^ Pay Per View Buyrate, Tapology, 2015
^ "Diaz-McGregor 2 looks to have broken PPV record". MMA Fighting. 7 September 2016.
^ Keeney, Tim (19 August 2016). "How to Order UFC 202 McGregor vs. Diaz 2 PPV".
^ Meltzer, Dave (September 7, 2016). reddit.com https://www.reddit.com/r/MMA/comments/5et6kg/meltzers_updated_ppv_info_ufc_196_mcgregordiaz_1/. Retrieved September 7, 2016. Missing or empty|title=(help)
^ ab Keeney, Tim (12 November 2016). "How to Order UFC 205 McGregor vs. Alvarez PPV".
^ "UFC 205: Alvarez vs. McGregor - MMA Event Page - Tapology". Tapology.
^ https://www.foxsports.com.au/ufc/conor-mcgregor-vs-ronda-rousey-who-is-really-ufcs-biggest-star/news-story/fd8b9682fc2bf0c75c5ebc3803018bcc
^ Staff (2016-07-16). "UFC 200 estimated over 1M PPV buys; 199 does 320K". mmapayout.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
^ Dave Meltzer (2017-01-08). "UFC 207 does over 1 million buys". mmafighting.com. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
^ Event Page, Tapology, 2013
^ "Home".
^ Zumberge, Marianne (July 25, 2015). "Grateful Dead Farewell Concerts Set Pay Per View Record", Variety. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
^ Gibbons, Kent (2014-07-22). "Viewers Choice Canada Winding Down: Bell, Rogers-Owned Pay-Per-View Provider Closing Sept. 30". Multichannel News. Retrieved 2014-07-23.
^ Haynes, Richard (2016). BBC Sport in Black and White. Springer. p. 213. ISBN 9781137455017.
^ ab Screen Digest. Screen Digest Limited. 1997. p. 66.BSkyB's third pay-per-view sports event — evening of boxing including world title fight involving 'Prince' Naseem Hamed — pulled in 650,000 subscribers (more than 600,000 who bought Tyson/Bruno fight, BSkyB's first).
^ "10 Of The Best Pay Per View Events To Have Been Screened In The UK". Ring News 24. 5 November 2016.
^ ab Davies, Gareth A. (20 December 2007). "Ricky Hatton shatters viewing record". The Daily Telegraph.
^ Dirs, Ben (2013). The Hate Game: Benn, Eubank and British Boxing's Bitterest Rivalry. Simon & Schuster. p. 1950. ISBN 9781471129056.
^ "How Murdoch has changed the face of British sport". The Independent. 8 September 1998.
^ "Satellites keep shining stars from our gaze". Irish Independent. 5 May 2018.
^ Lalani, Zahid (2011-06-29). "Haye looks for heavyweight payday". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
^ Welch, Ben (18 October 2017). "Joshua vs Klitschko set for record pay-per-view sales". Daily Mirror.
^ "MORE THAN 100,000 WATCHED KHAN". Boxing News. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
^ ab Lalani, Zahid (29 June 2011). "Haye looks for heavyweight payday". BBC News.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 29 March 2010 and 4 April 2010)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ ab "Khan-McCloskey does well on Primetime PPV". Boxing News 24. 17 April 2011.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 13–26 September 2010)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 6–19 December 2010)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Frank Warren on Khan-Judah, Froch-Johnson, More". BoxingScene. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 16–22 May 2011)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 27 June 2011 and 3 July 2011)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 20–26 May 2015)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 18 November 2013 and 1 December 2013)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 26 May 2014 and 1 June 2014)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 25–31 May 2017)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 27 April 2015 and 3 May 2015)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 23–29 November 2015)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ abc "Big Fight UK Boxing PPV Buys Revealed Over Last 18 Months". Boxing News and Views. 31 May 2017.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 22–28 February 2016)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 20–26 February 2016)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Canelo Alvarez's shrinking pay-per-view audience not expected to surpass 300,000 buys". Los Angeles Times. 22 September 2016. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
^ "The staggering amount Joshua will pocket from Klitschko fight [Sun]". GiveMeSport. 2017-04-26. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys in week ending 30 April 2017)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 22–28 May 2017)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 21–27 August 2017)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 23–29 October 2017)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 26 March 2018 and 1 April 2018)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 30 April 2018 and 6 May 2018)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
^ "Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 23 July 2018 and 29 July 2018)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
^ "Whyte vs Parker: All the timing, pricing and booking details for the Sky Sports Box Office event". Sky Sports. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
^ "Digitalb – Pay per View :: Digigold". Digitalb.al. Archived from the original on 2011-11-01. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
^ Sky Pacific 'About Us' Page [5] Archived 2015-04-18 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10th June 2015.
External links
- Capsule history at sports 2/etv/P/htmlP/payperview/payperview.htm Museum of Broadcast Communications[permanent dead link]